PEG-MGF – 5MG

Scientific Overview of PEG-MGF Peptide

Pegylated Mechano-growth factor (PEG-MGF) originates from an isoform of the IGF-I gene sequence, which undergoes alternative splicing. This process generates distinct peptide variants that may influence cellular responses, particularly under stress or injury. One such variant, often referred to as IGF-IEc, includes additional exons that form an extended region known as the Ec-peptide. Researchers have suggested that this Ec-peptide fragment may contribute to muscle recovery and regenerative processes.

PEG-MGF represents a modified synthetic fragment derived from this IGF-IEc molecule. The addition of polyethylene glycol (pegylation) appears to enhance stability and reduce rapid clearance, potentially prolonging biological activity. Pegylation may also alter how the peptide interacts with biological systems by influencing immune recognition.

Alternative Names: Pegylated MGF, Pegylated Mechano Growth Factor

PEG-MGF Studies and Research Data

Investigations into Muscle Cell Response

Research indicates that muscle injury or mechanical strain may stimulate a notable increase in mechano-growth factor expression. Controlled studies have documented substantial rises in messenger RNA activity following resistance-based activity, which may suggest a link between physical stress and up-regulated peptide synthesis. Some findings point toward reduced oxidative stress and inflammatory signaling in muscle environments when MGF is expressed, possibly supporting tissue maintenance during repair processes.

PEG-MGF Observations in Cardiac Tissue

Experimental studies in animal models propose that MGF may reduce cell death in heart muscle exposed to oxygen deprivation. Findings suggest that introducing the peptide within a limited time window after injury could support cardiac cell survival, potentially through recruitment of local stem cells. Evidence also indicates changes in gene expression patterns related to survival, although these interpretations remain under investigation.

PEG-MGF Explorations in Bone and Cartilage Models

In preclinical bone injury models, MGF exposure has been associated with accelerated healing compared to control groups. Observations suggest that signaling pathways such as MAPK and Erk1/2 may be involved, indicating potential roles in cell proliferation and differentiation. Additional experiments suggest that cartilage degeneration processes may be delayed when MGF is present, with possible influences on protein stress responses within chondrocytes.

Insights into Neural and Cognitive Functions

Animal studies indicate that MGF may influence neuronal stability under stress or aging. Observations of murine models show potential improvements in motor neuron preservation and cognitive performance when MGF expression is maintained or elevated earlier in life. Evidence also suggests that natural expression of the peptide increases in brain regions affected by injury, hinting at a possible role in adaptive responses.

Tissue Remodeling and Fibrosis Research

Research has examined whether MGF exposure may reduce fibrosis and scarring in muscle tissue. Animal experiments have suggested lowered collagen deposition and reduced markers of inflammatory signaling following injury. These findings indicate a possible modulatory role of MGF on the repair environment, though its direct impact on satellite cell activation appears less clear.

Experimental Findings in Dental Studies

Preclinical cell culture research on periodontal tissues has proposed that PEG-MGF may support ligament repair through increased activity of remodeling enzymes. These findings point toward a potential role in maintaining attachment structures, though this area of study remains in its early stages.

Conclusion

Current scientific investigations suggest that PEG-MGF may play a role in several biological processes, particularly those related to muscle adaptation, tissue repair, and cellular stress responses. Evidence from animal and cell-based models points toward potential interactions in muscle, bone, cartilage, cardiac, and neural tissues. While these findings highlight possible directions for future study, the mechanisms and broader implications remain areas of ongoing exploration.

References

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2. Chen JT, Wang Y, Zhou ZF, Wei KW. [Mechano-growth factor regulated cyclic stretch-induced osteogenic differentiation and MMP-1, MMP-2 expression in human periodontal ligament cells by activating the MEK/ERK1/2 pathway]. Shanghai Kou Qiang Yi Xue. 2019.
3. Liu X, Zeng Z, Zhao L, Chen P, Xiao W. Impaired Skeletal Muscle Regeneration Induced by Macrophage Depletion Could Be Partly Ameliorated by MGF Injection. Front Physiol. 2019.
4. Matheny RW Jr, Nindl BC, Adamo ML. Minireview: Mechano-growth factor: a putative product of IGF-I gene expression involved in tissue repair and regeneration. Endocrinology. 2010.
5. Song Y, Xu K, Yu C, Dong L, Chen P, Lv Y, Chiang MYM, Li L, Liu W, Yang L. The use of mechano growth factor to prevent cartilage degeneration in knee osteoarthritis. J Tissue Eng Regen Med. 2018.
6. Esposito S, Deventer K, Van Eenoo P. Characterization and identification of a C-terminal amidated mechano growth factor (MGF) analogue in black market products. Rapid Commun Mass Spectrom. 2012.
7. Carpenter V, Matthews K, Devlin G, Stuart S, Jensen J, Conaglen J, Jeanplong F, Goldspink P, Yang SY, Goldspink G, Bass J, McMahon C. Mechano-growth factor reduces loss of cardiac function in acute myocardial infarction. Heart Lung Circ. 2008.
8. Deng M, Zhang B, Wang K, Liu F, Xiao H, Zhao J, Liu P, Li Y, Lin F, Wang Y. Mechano growth factor E peptide promotes osteoblasts proliferation and bone-defect healing in rabbits. Int Orthop. 2011.
9. Tang JJ, Podratz JL, Lange M, Scrable HJ, Jang MH, Windebank AJ. Mechano growth factor, a splice variant of IGF-1, promotes neurogenesis in the aging mouse brain. Mol Brain. 2017.
10. Hameed M, Lange KH, Andersen JL, Schjerling P, Kjaer M, Harridge SD, Goldspink G. The effect of recombinant human growth hormone and resistance training on IGF-I mRNA expression in the muscles of elderly men. J Physiol. 2004.
11. Dluzniewska J, Sarnowska A, Beresewicz M, Johnson I, Srai SK, Ramesh B, Goldspink G, Górecki DC, Zabłocka B. A strong neuroprotective effect of the autonomous C-terminal peptide of IGF-1 Ec (MGF) in brain ischemia. FASEB J. 2005.
12. Sun KT, Cheung KK, Au SWN, Yeung SS, Yeung EW. Overexpression of Mechano-Growth Factor Modulates Inflammatory Cytokine Expression and Macrophage Resolution in Skeletal Muscle Injury. Front Physiol. 2018.
13. Goldspink G. Research on mechano growth factor: its potential for optimising physical training as well as misuse in doping. Br J Sports Med. 2005.
14. Li C, Vu K, Hazelgrove K, Kuemmerle JF. Increased IGF-IEc expression and mechano-growth factor production in intestinal muscle of fibrostenotic Crohn's disease and smooth muscle hypertrophy. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol. 2015.
15. Janssen JA, Hofland LJ, Strasburger CJ, van den Dungen ES, Thevis M. Potency of Full-Length MGF to Induce Maximal Activation of the IGF-I R Is Similar to Recombinant Human IGF-I at High Equimolar Concentrations. PLoS One. 2016.

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