Pal-AHK – 200MG

Pal-AHK

Pal-AHK is a hexapeptide of amino acids alanine, histidine and lysine with a palmitoyl tag. To highlight our observation non-palmitoylated AHK was similarly investigated as the only form to have been studied previously. However, Pal-AHK probably has similar effects because the impact of palmitoylyation on the how AHK works is unlikely to be substantial. Palmitoylation is generally thought only to improve the cell penetration ability of a compound, which makes it overall more likely to be bioactive. Research indicates possible action of AHK and Pal-AHK could be the activation of collagen and elastin production, two primary proteins within the ECM devised from skin cells.

Collagen is a key structural protein that contributes strength and resilient to the skin barrier, while elastin accounts for elasticity. Pal-AHK also has potential to strong anti-oxidative action besides collagen and elastin production. Severity of damage to cells and tissues is believed to be due in part to oxidative stress. Free radicals are the dominant source of oxidative stress and antioxidants can aid to counteract these. Antioxidants are scavengers of these free radicals and may help to protect our skin in preventing or reducing damage and environmental exposure biomarkers, such as wrinkle depth and length along the skin barrier. In studies, it was found that Pal-AHK might also be able to result hair follicle growth by its anti-oxidative action and interaction with different molecules & growth factors. Included in this are TGF-β1, Bcl-2/Bax proportion, VEGF, caspase-3 and Poly-(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP).

There is no research on what the effect of Pal-AHK on hair/fur growth; Nevertheless, derivatives of AHK implied that compounds with the same scaffold could stimulate the hair follicle growth via enhancing proliferation and inhibition of apoptosis in dermal papilla cells (DPCs). Investigator impression: AHK-analogs “enhanced the elongation of [hair] follicles […] and the proliferation of DPCs.”

The Bcl-2/Bax ratio seems to have been raised, minimizing harmful growth factors (e cleaved caspase-3 and PARP), following administration of Pal-AHK. The Bcl-2/Bax ratio is believed to be a key regulator of apoptosis (programmed cell death). Both results are corresponding to anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2 and a pro-apoptotic protein Bax respectively. Therefore, higher Bcl-2/Bax ratios would represent the relative abundance of Bcl-2 and possibly hinder apoptosis and support cell viability.

This is speculation based on the results of apoptosis related experiments (decrease of apoptosis marker levels cleaved caspase-3 and PARP) and indicates a theoretical potential for Pal-AHK to inhibit hair cell death that we are currently testing in parallel. Caspase-3, a downstream effector of apoptosis, is the mainerend player' which possibly actively involve in dermal papilla loss when exist cleaved caspase-3. Caspase-3 cleavage of PARP enables cellular degradation, which is characteristic of apoptosis. Therefore, the inhibition of caspase-3 activation and caspase-mediated full-length to cleaved forms of PARP within the same apoptotic pathway could also reasonably contribute to its anti-apoptotic effects in hair follicles collectively creating a less active environment for hair loss to allow hairs a greater chance at retention and growth. It is also probable, according to research, that this action reduced the level of apoptosis observed in these cell types. In addition, Pal-AHK combined with a reduction in TGF-β1 could further reduce shedding and increase hair growth by increasing the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) as reported in studies.

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