ACE-031 – 1MG

Scientific Overview of ACE-031

ACE-031 is a recombinant fusion protein consisting of the activin receptor type IIB (ACVR2B) linked to an IgG1-Fc domain. Research has focused on its potential to bind and neutralize myostatin, a protein that naturally restricts muscle development. Because of this proposed mechanism, ACE-031 has been studied in relation to muscle structure, skeletal properties, metabolic function, and models of muscle decline associated with disorders or cellular stress.

Alternative Names: Ramatercept, ACVR2B/Fc, ActRIIB-IgG1

ACE-031 Studies and Research Data

Skeletal and Mineral Research

In experimental models, ACE-031 has been associated with potential improvements in skeletal mineralization and biomechanical stability. Research observations suggest changes in osteoclast populations that may contribute to increased bone mineral density and resilience. Reported findings included notable increases in femoral and vertebral density, highlighting possible applications in bone metabolism studies.

ACE-031 and Muscle Maintenance and Repair

Within Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy (DMD) research models, ACE-031 has been examined for its potential to limit progressive muscle deterioration. Investigations suggest it may help preserve lean tissue, support protein balance, and counteract the influence of myostatin release from damaged fibers.

Energy Metabolism and Oxidative Balance

Experimental findings indicate that ACE-031 may influence cellular metabolism by reducing lactate accumulation and enhancing oxygenation in muscle tissues. These outcomes point to a potential role in delaying fatigue-related changes and limiting oxidative stress in research models.

Muscle Volume and Strength Capacity

Studies have reported increases in lean body composition and muscle volume following ACE-031 exposure. In addition to structural changes, findings have suggested potential improvements in contractile capacity, including higher force outputs, while maintaining metabolic efficiency and ATP balance.

ACE-031 and Cancer-Associated Muscle Decline

Muscle wasting in cancer-related models is often linked to altered mitochondrial activity, oxidative stress, and fiber atrophy. Research involving ACE-031 has suggested that it may influence these processes through pathways such as ERK1/2 activation, stabilization of mitochondrial function, and reduction in free radical populations. Since certain cancers are associated with elevated myostatin activity, ACE-031 has been explored for its potential to counteract these patterns of muscle degradation.

Conclusion

ACE-031 remains an area of active investigation for its potential role in muscle development, skeletal metabolism, and resistance to muscle wasting. Its proposed mechanism as a myostatin-binding protein positions it as a valuable compound in ongoing laboratory studies focused on muscular and skeletal health.

References

1. Maïmoun, L., Mariano-Goulart, D., Huguet, H., Renard, E., Lefebvre, P., Picot, M. C., Dupuy, A. M., Cristol, J. P., Courtet, P., Boudousq, V., Avignon, A., Guillaume, S., & Sultan, A. (2022). In patients with anorexia nervosa, myokine levels are altered but are not associated with bone mineral density loss and bone turnover alteration. Endocrine Connections, 11(5), e210488. https://doi.org/10.1530/EC-21-0488
2. Muramatsu, H., Kuramochi, T., Katada, H., Ueyama, A., Ruike, Y., Ohmine, K., Shida-Kawazoe, M., Miyano-Nishizawa, R., Shimizu, Y., Okuda, M., Hori, Y., Hayashi, M., Haraya, K., Ban, N., Nonaka, T., Honda, M., Kitamura, H., Hattori, K., Kitazawa, T., Igawa, T., … Nezu, J. (2021). Novel myostatin-specific antibody enhances muscle strength in muscle disease models. Scientific Reports, 11(1), 2160. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-81669-8
3. Attie, K. M., Borgstein, N. G., Yang, Y., Condon, C. H., Wilson, D. M., Pearsall, A. E., Kumar, R., Willins, D. A., Seehra, J. S., & Sherman, M. L. (2013). A single ascending-dose study of muscle regulator ACE-031 in healthy volunteers. Muscle & Nerve, 47(3), 416–423. https://doi.org/10.1002/mus.23539
4. Campbell, C., McMillan, H. J., Mah, J. K., Tarnopolsky, M., Selby, K., McClure, T., Wilson, D. M., Sherman, M. L., Escolar, D., & Attie, K. M. (2017). Myostatin inhibitor ACE-031 treatment of ambulatory boys with Duchenne muscular dystrophy: Results of a randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial. Muscle & Nerve, 55(4), 458–464. https://doi.org/10.1002/mus.25268
5. Cadena, S. M., Tomkinson, K. N., Monnell, T. E., Spaits, M. S., Kumar, R., Underwood, K. W., Pearsall, R. S., & Lachey, J. L. (2010). Administration of a soluble activin type IIB receptor promotes skeletal muscle growth independent of fiber type. Journal of Applied Physiology, 109(3), 635–642. https://doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.00866.2009

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