PE-22-28 – 8MG

$55.00

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QuantityDiscountPrice
5 - 85%$52.25
9 +10%$49.50
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Size 8MG
Form Lyophilized powder
Purity 99%
Contents PE-22-28

PE-22-28

PE-22-28 is a synthetic analog of spadin, a protein that is naturally found in the body. Spadin, a natural peptide that comes from sortilin,a widely expressed protein in the central nervous system, This is one of the shorter peptide derivatives of this protein, and PE-22-28 research shows it may function in a similar manner as spadin by acting primarily at the TREK-1 receptor. Researchers Djillani et al. said that it "may be the shortest, most efficient sequence capable of blocking the TREK-1 channel" and may be "more potent for research applications than Spadin.

New research exploring animal models of depression suggests that a two-pore potassium channel referred to as TREK-1 (TWIK-related potassium channel) receptor could be such a target. In 2010, a study reported that deleting TREK-1 receptors in murine models made them less susceptible to depression. The TREK-1 receptor is located mainly in the brain, such as the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus, two areas related to mood, memory, and learning. Activating the TREK-1 receptor might decrease neuron excitation or down-regulating the receptor activity may enhance your neuron excitability. 4- Although it has been more intensively assayed in the study of depression models, these receptors may have an important role in anesthesia, pain perception and protection of neurons.

These studies have revealed that spadin, a natural peptide inhibiting the TREK-1 channel and with a putative antidepressant effect might have some such aspects. To improve the bioavailability and stability of the compound, scientists carried out a number of studies on spadin derivatives and analogs. For example, a study was performed with seven-amino-acid spadin derivatives known as PE-22-28. In other words, the peptide corresponds to the 22 to 28 amino acids of the original spadin sequence, which is why it is called PE-22-28. Like spadin, these synthetic derivatives were thought to to possibly bind to the TREK-1 channel which might inhibit the activity and thus creating a more stabilised mind and boosting mood.

It has been shown in studies that the peptide activates and maintains neurogenesis (formation of neurons), synaptogenesis (formation of synapses). Neuron cultures of mouse were exposed to spadin derivatives in 6 studies.

A 2010 study showed activated MAPK and PI3K pathways following MDA-7 inhibition that could result in neuroprotection and proliferation of new neurons. Therefore, research indicate that PE-22-28 could diminish symptoms of cognitive decline by an interaction at the level of the hippocampus. During aging, the transcription factor cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB) activity in the brain, that is cAMP response element binding activity (CRE-BA), may have a decline or downregulation in organisms. CREB is essential for the growth and development of neurons and may be critical for long term memory retrieval and neural plasticity.

In fact, these results from this study published in 2010 suggested that spadin significantly increased the number of bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) positive cells in hippocampus compared to saline-treated mice, we therefore hypothesized that PE-22-28, an analog of spadin might similarly induce neurogenesis in the hippocampus. As a thymidine analog, BrdU is typically incorporated into the DNA of proliferating cells at S-phase during cell cycle and can be used as a marker for cell division. Spadin induced a fast rise of BrdU-positive cells within 4 days, arguing for acute activation of neurogenic pathways. Repeated 15-day dosing resulted in persistent RSES with long-term follow up. Another main theme of the rapid action neurogenic effect of spadin may relate to CREB, which is likely a mediator downstream signaling required for spadin bioactivity and possibly with a specific part between CREB activation and Hippocampal neurogenesis. The research analysis suggested that treatment with spadin for 4 days markedly elevated pCREB, reaching levels 4 fold higher than those measured in the saline-treated controls. This phosphorylation is indicative of CREB activation, and this was confirmed by Western blot analysis that demonstrates the presence of active CREB with no significant changes in total levels of total CREB.

In addition, by dual immunofluorescence staining immunohistochemistry we showed a high level of pCREB colocalization with doublecortin (DCX), a neuronal precursor marker, indicating that activation of CREB signaling may be highly implicated in the neurogenic pathway without influencing on glial differentiation. These data indicate that spadin can robustly increase hippocampal neurogenesis via a very rapid CREB activation, and one might speculate whether or not PE-22-28 could also increase neurogenesis through this route.

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None of the products have been evaluated by The Food and Drug Administration, and are not for medical use. Their use in human or animal subjects is strictly prohibited by law, and they are available here only for in-vitro research purposes, by licensed professionals. By purchasing from this site, you agree to comply with our Terms and Conditions.

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