Liraglutide (GLP-1) – 3MG

Liraglutide (GLP-1)

Liraglutide is a 31-/+ acid amino polypeptide structural analog of human GLP-1 (glucagon-like peptide) It is a lipopeptide with an amino acid that consist of the structure very similar to GLP-1 up to 97%, it uses a hexadecanoyl group together with arginine.

As an endogenous hormone, produced in the intestine, GLP-1 functions to regulate glucose and reduce food intake. This is thought to be due to an increase in insulin production and a slowing of gastric emptying following a meal. Liraglutide may also exert an effect through activation of satiety centers in the central nervous system, leading to a feeling of fullness. It can also irritate the beta cells in the pancreas to release insulin, reducing blood sugar after a meal and lowering the sensitivity and control of blood sugar.

Overview

As Dr. Holst originally described, liraglutide might stimulate what scientists like to call an "incretin effect," not that different from GLP-1 itself. Incretins are the gastrointestinal metabolic hormones to stimulate insulin secretion to restore blood sugars. GLP-1 receptors are expressed on the beta cells of the pancreas, this raises the possibility that GLP-1 interacts with this receptor to initiate insulin secretion exocytosis.

Liraglutide may be augmented by other drugs in circulation. In a 2007 experiment, the Liraglutide peptide was injected into the pancreas of a rat with an additional sulfonylurea compound. The study concluded that:"... GLP-1 administration to isolated perfused rat pancreases does not influence insulin secretion in response to low glucose concentrations in the perfusate but induces a remarkable acute potentiation of insulin secretion at elevated glucose concentrations after pretreatment with sulfonylurea.

Research conducted in the year 2006 indicated that GLP-1 might prevent death of pancreatic beta cells and protect islet cells from future destruction.

Liraglutide has been suggested to decrease the level of hunger and therefore food intake. Mice that received Liraglutide peptide twice daily showed gradual weight loss and reduced appetite in preclinical studies recently conducted. Liraglutide may have the additional advantage of limiting excessive weight, a factor that could contribute to much of the sustainability in serving lipid binding proteins because preventing overeating would decrease potential complications with blood sugar and insulin.

A Liraglutide can potentially modulate heart function, increase heart rate, and reduce blood pressure due to the presence of GLP-1 receptors within cardiac muscle. The action of Liraglutide has been proposed to be through binding, and then its action on glucose uptake within the cardiac muscles, in such a way that the oxygen derived (Ischemic) heart muscles can get mechanical job nutritional glucose. A.K. Bose et al. reporting for the first time that GLP-1 could protect the heart from myocardial infarction, further noting that “this novel … action of the incretin (myocardial protection) is potentially a new avenue … of this family [of peptides] that also involves activating numerous prosurvival kinases.

It seems that the peptide interlocks with brain receptors, potentially improving the.memory and cognitive capabilities of mice in both "associative and spatial learning. Matthew J. During writes "GLP-1 is an encouraging novel target for cognitive-enhancing and neuroprotective.

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