Adipotide (FTPP) – 10MG

Scientific Overview of Adipotide

Adipotide is categorized as a proapoptotic peptide that has been studied for its potential role in targeting adipose tissue. Research suggests that it may act selectively on the vasculature that supports white fat cells, possibly influencing adipocyte survival. Early animal research has investigated its relationship to metabolism and adiposity, raising interest in its potential significance in the study of fat biology and related metabolic processes.

Alternative Names: Adipotide FTPP

Adipotide Studies and Research Data

Research on Cancer Associations

Some investigations have explored prohibitin, a membrane protein receptor thought to be involved in various cancer cell types. Since prohibitin has been studied in the context of fat cell vasculature, researchers have considered whether it may also provide a vascular target in tumor studies. In particular, obesity has been hypothesized to be associated with aggressive forms of prostate cancer, with several pathways under consideration: insulin and insulin-like growth factor signaling, sex hormone conversion, adipokine involvement, and inflammatory cytokines. Elevated insulin and IGF-1, increased estrogen production from adipose tissue, and altered adipokine balance (such as leptin and adiponectin) have all been suggested as possible contributors. These mechanisms may help explain observed links between metabolic dysregulation and tumor progression.

Adipotide Investigations Into Glucose Tolerance

Research using animal models has noted that Adipotide may be associated with changes in glucose tolerance, even in instances where body weight did not change significantly. In some cases, improved glucose regulation was observed independently of weight loss, suggesting that the peptide’s impact on fat tissue density may influence glucose metabolism. While mechanisms remain uncertain, some studies suggest that glucose tolerance could be impacted by alterations in fat cell populations rather than shifts in appetite or caloric intake.

Mechanistic Studies on Receptor Interactions

Investigations into its mechanism have focused on potential interactions with Annexin A2 (ANXA2) and prohibitin (PHB). These proteins appear to co-localize in white adipose vasculature, and their relationship with fatty acid transporter CD36 has been suggested to play a role in fatty acid uptake. Researchers have posited that this ANXA2-prohibitin-CD36 complex may regulate how fatty acids move from endothelial cells to adipocytes. Blocking or disrupting these interactions has been proposed as a way to study adipocyte metabolism and survival, potentially linking them to pathways of apoptosis.

Structural Features in Research Context

The design of Adipotide incorporates motifs that may enable binding to vascular targets in fat tissue. Through phage display techniques, peptide motifs with affinity for prohibitin have been identified. Once bound, these sequences have been connected with the induction of apoptosis in adipocytes. The structural element (KLAKLAK)₂, in particular, has been studied for its capacity to disrupt mitochondrial membranes following internalization, possibly initiating programmed cell death. These structural features may help explain the observed fat-targeting potential described in laboratory models.

Adipotide Research on Fat Reduction in Animal Models

Studies conducted in primates have reported reductions in body fat following Adipotide introduction. Monkeys in these studies displayed decreases in body weight, altered feeding behavior, and improvements in markers of insulin sensitivity. The findings suggest that vascular targeting of adipose tissue may provide a pathway for experimental fat reduction, although the biological basis of appetite changes noted alongside weight loss remains unclear.

Adipotide Exploration of Anti-Angiogenic Pathways

Adipotide FTPP has been grouped among compounds categorized as anti-angiogenic in certain research settings. This means it has been studied for its potential role in altering blood vessel networks within adipose tissue or tumors. Such approaches have drawn interest as possible strategies to investigate metabolic disease mechanisms and cancer biology.

Conclusion

Adipotide FTPP has been studied for its potential to interact with vascular targets in white fat tissue, with research exploring its implications for fat metabolism, glucose tolerance, and even cancer biology. Investigations span from mechanistic work on receptor interactions to broader studies in primate models. While promising findings have been observed in laboratory contexts, further research is required to clarify the scope of its biological relevance.

References

1. Thuaud, F., Ribeiro, N., Nebigil, C. G., & Désaubry, L. (2013). Prohibitin ligands in cell death and survival: mode of action and therapeutic potential. Chemistry & Biology, 20(3), 316–331. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chembiol.2013.02.006
2. Kolonin, M. G., Saha, P. K., Chan, L., Pasqualini, R., & Arap, W. (2004). Reversal of obesity by targeted ablation of adipose tissue. Nature Medicine, 10(6), 625–632. https://doi.org/10.1038/nm1048
3. Salameh, A., Daquinag, A. C., Staquicini, D. I., An, Z., Hajjar, K. A., Pasqualini, R., Arap, W., & Kolonin, M. G. (2016). Prohibitin/annexin 2 interaction regulates fatty acid transport in adipose tissue. JCI Insight, 1(10), e86351. https://doi.org/10.1172/jci.insight.86351
4. Barnhart, K. F., Christianson, D. R., Hanley, P. W., Driessen, W. H., Bernacky, B. J., Baze, W. B., Wen, S., Tian, M., Ma, J., Kolonin, M. G., Saha, P. K., Do, K. A., Hulvat, J. F., Gelovani, J. G., Chan, L., Arap, W., & Pasqualini, R. (2011). A peptidomimetic targeting white fat causes weight loss and improved insulin resistance in obese monkeys. Science Translational Medicine, 3(108), 108ra112. https://doi.org/10.1126/scitranslmed.3002621
5. Hossen, N., Kajimoto, K., Akita, H., Hyodo, M., & Harashima, H. (2013). A comparative study between nanoparticle-targeted therapeutics and bioconjugates as obesity medication. Journal of Controlled Release, 171(2), 104–112. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jconrel.2013.07.013
6. Staquicini, F. I., Cardó-Vila, M., Kolonin, M. G., Trepel, M., Edwards, J. K., Nunes, D. N., Sergeeva, A., Efstathiou, E., Sun, J., Almeida, N. F., Tu, S. M., Botz, G. H., Wallace, M. J., O'Connell, D. J., Krajewski, S., Gershenwald, J. E., Molldrem, J. J., Flamm, A. L., Koivunen, E., Pentz, R. D., … Arap, W. (2011). Vascular ligand-receptor mapping by direct combinatorial selection in cancer patients. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 108(46), 18637–18642. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1114503108
7. Allott, E. H., Masko, E. M., & Freedland, S. J. (2013). Obesity and prostate cancer: weighing the evidence. European Urology, 63(5), 800–809. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eururo.2012.11.013

Disclaimer:
The products mentioned are intended solely for laboratory research and in-vitro experimentation. They are not approved for human or animal use of any kind. All details provided are for educational purposes only. By purchasing from this site, you agree to comply with our Terms and Conditions.