by Rawamino | Nov 4, 2025 | Peptides
Introduction Cellular energy homeostasis relies on adaptive sensing that reallocates resources when ATP demand outpaces supply. AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) coordinates this response by promoting catabolic ATP-generating pathways and tempering ATP-consuming...
by Rawamino | Nov 4, 2025 | Peptides
Introduction Peptide biology within the central nervous system (CNS) encompasses a diverse repertoire of signaling molecules that operate beyond classical monoamine neurotransmission. Over the past decade, preclinical investigations have mapped peptide-mediated...
by Rawamino | Nov 3, 2025 | Peptides
Introduction Klotho, a transmembrane glycoprotein named after the Greek goddess who spins the thread of life, has become a focal point in molecular aging and systems biology research. Identified in the late 1990s, it attracted significant attention after early genetic...
by Rawamino | Nov 3, 2025 | Peptides
Introduction The tripeptide–metal complex GHK-Cu (Glycyl-L-histidyl-L-lysine–copper) has become a molecule of sustained scientific interest within molecular biology and biochemistry for its multifaceted regulatory functions in oxidative balance, cellular signaling,...
by Rawamino | Nov 2, 2025 | Peptides
Introduction Intervertebral disc degeneration (IVDD) is characterized in experimental settings by extracellular matrix (ECM) erosion, increased catabolic enzyme activity, and persistent inflammatory signaling within the nucleus pulposus (NP). Alongside these...
by Rawamino | Nov 2, 2025 | Peptides
Introduction Skeletal tissue undergoes continual remodeling through tightly coupled formation and resorption. This balance is maintained by osteoblasts that deposit extracellular matrix and osteoclasts that dissolve mineralized tissue. Perturbations to this...
