FOXO4-DRI – 10MG
$276.00
Discount per Quantity
Quantity | Discount | Price |
---|---|---|
5 - 8 | 5% | $262.20 |
9 + | 10% | $248.40 |
FOXO4-DRI
Transcription factor proteins bind to DNA and inhabit different organisms. The FOXO group of transcription factor proteins consists of four members: FOXO1, FOXO3, FOXO4 and FOXO6. The activity of FOXO4 factor is believed to control several cellular pathways such as insulin signaling, cell cycle progression, and broader functions related to growth and differentiation.
FOXO4-DRI was created as a synthetic version of the FOXO4 protein in order to be same to a segment of the natural FOXO4 protein which is provided parentrally, barring some structural alterations in its amino acid tructure. It is a small part of the entire FOXO4 sequence which is needed to bind p53. FOXO4-DRI peptide, or Proxofim, is short for Forkhead box O transcription factor 4-D-Retro-Inverso peptide. FOXO4-DRI peptide is a form of FOXO4 protein, but the L-amino acids in it were turned to D-amino acids. Consequently, FOXO4-DRI peptide may be less cleared compared to FOXO4 naturally. The enhancement of stability is interesting by itself, however it is also important to give some consideration to the other effects this substitution may have on its interaction with other cellular components, which the natural compound would naturally not display.
Overview
Retro inverso peptides result from a sequence (not the whole structure) in which all chirality of the amino acids is "mirror-flipped", so all L-amino acid residues are changed to D-amino acid and vice versa, but ultimately still resembles a linear chain of amino acids. The reverse of the naturally occurring L amino acids in the biological proteins are known as the D amino acids. By replacing L by D amino; one great benefit would potentially be that the protein in any state can be more likely to form a structure as the D enantiomer is less likely cleave.
The research on the FOXO4-DRI peptide focuses primarily on its ability to inhibit FOXO4 protein from interacting with p53 protein. This interaction might be important because FOXO4 may potentially have inhibitory effects on other functions of p53 in cell cycle regulation and apoptosis when bound to p53. The p53 protein is a natural processase enzyme that has been implicated as a regulator of cell cycling and cell death. p53 has long been known to be a tumor suppressor, mainly acting to block the growth of cells that are dealing with DNA damage. The FOXO4 protein binds p53 therefore seems to prevent binding of p53 to the DNA as a result inhibiting apoptosis and cell death. This halt can build up senescent cells - cells that have stopped dividing but do not die, thus fueling the aging process. The FOXO4-DRI peptide may inhibit this process and allow p53 to bind with DNA, as a result the cell cycle can continue towards death.
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