Bronchogen – 20MG

$64.00

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QuantityDiscountPrice
5 - 85%$60.80
9 +10%$57.60
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Size 20MG
Form Lyophilized powder
Purity 99%
Contents Bronchogen

Bronchogen

Bronchogen or AEDL is one of the Khavinson peptides and has been proposed by scientists to function as a bioregulator. Most of them are small signaling peptides and may be able to penetrate through cellular and nuclear membranes to actu directly on DNA. This attribute of Bronchogen may be a result of its ability to influence the expression of genes such as NKX2-1, SCGB1A1, SCGB3A2, FOXA1 and FOXA2, likely increasing its specificity toward lung cells. I. It can also "bind preferentially to deoxyribooligonucleotides containing CNG sequence (CNG sites are targets for cytosine DNA methylation in eukaryotes)22【SUPP】. The peptide has even been proposed to have potential as an anti-inflammatory in the lungs of bleomycin-treated murine models,bleomycin being an inflammatory fibrosis inducing agent.

Therefore, studies have proposed that the peptide may influence DNA by means of “lung cells through the control of episode of NKX2-1, SCGB1A1, SCGB3A2, FOXA1 and FOXA2 gene”. These actions can comprise of an anti-inflammatory, differentiation promoting or proliferation inhibitory role.

Moreover, Bronchogen's effect on DNA could manipulate genetic expression and influence it. The activity of Bronchogen on deoxyribooligonucleotides which contain a CNG sequence suggests that it may affect gene regulation and expression, as this is associated with Cytosine DNA methylation sites. An abundant target of DNA methylation in eukaryotic genomes is the CNG (where 'C' or cytosine, 'N' represents any nucleotide including A, T, G, or C and 'G' stands for guanine) An entire concept to have participated in epigenetic setting. Cytosine methylation, mostly at CpGs, is linked to gene repression. Bronchogen could bind preferentially to these CNG sites, thus inhibiting the methylation process or altering it resulting in altered gene expression. This crosstalk in turn may have implications for cellular differentiation and development, or disruptions to normal cellular processes.

Also, Bronchogen was also shown to possibly increase DNA thermal stability. A study was undertaken with the purpose of examining the effect of Bronchogen on thermal stabilities of both calf thymus and mouse liver DNA via differential scanning microcalorimetry to elucidate thermodynamic parameters during DNA melting. The melting temperature of DNA was increased by 3.1 °C in the presence of Bronchogen, indicating added stabilization of DNA. The authors also speculated, that at the molecular level, Bronchogen might not bind in a base specific (non-selective for adenine-thymine or guanine-cytosine pairs) manner and consistently bond to both DNA strands with considerable persistence and mainly interact with nitrogen bases rather than preferentially targeting CNG sites as they had previously believed. Proposed mechanisms include non-covalent interactions like hydrogen bonding or van der Waals forces between Bronchogen and nitrogen bases. The theoretical effect of Bronchogen to stabilize DNA (if any) could be relevant in studying/stabilizing further DNA structures for strategies involving nucleic acids, or biotechnological approaches, where to increase the stability of DNA is imperative. Additional inquiries into the structural and molecular details of this interaction may reveal a better understanding of these events.

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